The Fournier scale: two inches in total, divided into four half-inches, the medium intervals are one line ( 1⁄ 12 inch), and the smallest intervals are 1⁄ 36 inch no intervals for the point is given, thoughįournier printed a reference scale of 144 points over two inches however, it was too rough to accurately measure a single point. 1 point Fournier = 0.0135 English inches. With the usual convention that 1 foot equals 12 inches, 1 inch ( pouce) was divided into 12 lines ( lignes) and 1 line was further divided into 6 typographic points ( points typographiques). : 60–66 The system of Fournier was based on a different French foot of c. The Fournier point was established by Pierre Simon Fournier in 1737. It has also been cited as exactly 0.188 mm. This established a length to the royal foot of 9000⁄ 27 706 m or about 325 mm, which made the Truchet point equal to 15 625⁄ 83 118 mm or about 0.187 986 mm. During the metrication of France amid its revolution, a 1799 law declared the meter to be exactly 443.296 French lines long. It was invented by the French clergyman Sébastien Truchet. The Truchet point, the first modern typographic point, was 1⁄ 144 of a French inch or 1⁄ 1728 of the royal foot. See also: Units of measurement in France for the units used in this section, particularly those used before the French Revolution. Traditional continental European points at about 0.375 mm are usually a bit larger than English points at around 0.350 mm. There have been many definitions of a "point" since the advent of typography. Varying standards Various point definitions 14pt (12 points would be "12pt" or "1pc" since it is the same as 1 pica)-format used by Cascading Style Sheets defined by the World Wide Web Consortium.1p2 (12 points would be just "1p")-format for desktop.1P⁄ 2p (12 points would be just " 1P⁄ ")-traditional style.For example, 14 points (1 pica plus 2 points) can be written: Notations Ī measurement in points can be represented in three different ways. The construction of the alphabet is the first based on logical measurement called "Punto," which corresponds to the ninth part of the height of the letters or the thickness of the principal stroke. The point was first established by the Milanese typographer, Francesco Torniella da Novara ( c. Although the letters of a font usually fit within the font's em square, there is not necessarily any size relationship between the two, so the point size does not necessarily correspond to any measurement of the size of the letters on the printed page. When a point size of a font is specified, the font is scaled so that its em square has a side length of that particular length in points. In digital type, letters of a font are designed around an imaginary space called an em square. In metal type, the point size of the font describes the height of the metal body on which the typeface's characters were cast. The DTP point is defined as 1⁄ 72 of an international inch ( 1 / 72 × 25.4 mm ≈ 0.353 mm) and, as with earlier American point sizes, is considered to be 1⁄ 12 of a pica. Following the advent of desktop publishing in the 1980s and 1990s, digital printing has largely supplanted the letterpress printing and has established the DTP point ( DeskTop Publishing point) as the de facto standard. Since the 18th century, the size of a point has been between 0.18 and 0.4 millimeters. The size of the point has varied throughout printing's history. It is used for measuring font size, leading, and other items on a printed page. In typography, the point is the smallest unit of measure. A ruler showing point scale (on the bottom) and inch scale (on the top)
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